![]() ![]() While serving at Fort Union, Edward was a cook for his company. Edward served at numerous forts on the western frontier, including several years at Fort Union during the mid-1870s. The new arrivals included Edward Day Cohota, a native of China. Infantry arrived at the fort in June 1872. The garrison at Fort Union had a surprise when Company C, 15th U.S. Maxwell inherited the grant from him, and the army maintained an outpost near Maxwell's ranch for several years and distributed rations to the Utes and Jicarilla Apaches nearby. The massive Maxwell land grant, which embraced 1.7 million acres northeast of Fort Union, was granted to Lucien Maxwell's French Canadian father-in-law. ![]() Vrain, a leading New Mexico merchant, was a prominent officer with the New Mexico milita and with the New Mexico Volunteers during the Civil War. Frequent visitors to the northern New Mexico trading town of Taos, the French Canadians were a small but noticeable minority in the area by the time Fort Union opened in 1851.įrancis Aubry was a well-known Santa Fe Trail trader and visitor to Fort Union in its early years. The French Canadians, long involved in the fur trade of the upper Midwest, were drawn to New Mexico by the prospect of lucrative beaver trapping. Known for his speedy trips across the trail, he once made a solo ride across the entire 800 miles of Santa Fe Trail in 5 1/2 days. A network of Jewish-owned businesses spread throughout New Mexico, even in the small towns.įrench Canadian Francis Aubry was a prominent Santa Fe Trail trader in the early years of Fort Union. One of the earliest Jewish merchants in Las Vegas, Arthur Morrison, became a prominent officer with the New Mexico Volunteers during the Civil War.Īs the early Jewish arrivals prospered, family members and other co-religionists followed from Germany. The mercantiles also won big contracts to supply Fort Union and other army posts in the territory. The mercantiles often functioned as banks, lending money and financing other businesses, in the local community. The "mercantile" companies in New Mexico brought a wide variety of goods from overseas and the eastern United States for sale in New Mexico, and arranged for the sale of New Mexico products outside the territory. Charles developed his very prosperous mercantile company, one of the biggest businesses in the New Mexico Territory. One of the early arrivals was Charles Ilfeld, pictured with his family at right. Some of them found their way to New Mexico on the leading international highway of the day-the Santa Fe Trail. Traveling Jewish merchants, mainly from Germany, fanned out across the United States in the mid-1800s. University of New Mexico Jewish Merchants Ilfeld family, with family patriarch Charles seated at far left. He is half Spanish and being a half-breed, for whom they generally have the most contemptuous feelings, he has been all his life thrown into the front of battle and danger at which posts he.commanded the hightest admiration and respect of the tribe." ![]() The image at left is George Catlin's 1834 painting entitled "The Little Spaniard." Catlin described him as a "A gallant little fellow.represented to us as one of the leading warriors of the tribe and no doubt.one of the most extraordinary men at present living in these regions. The genizaros were-and still are-a group of people whose ancestors were born as tribal members but were enslaved by Hispanic families. In many cases, the captives were raised and inter-married within the ruling society. The mingling of New Mexico's Hispanic and Indian populations-and the practice of each one to seize human captives from the other and enslave them-created even more social variety. Smithsonian American Art Museum Captives and Slaves ![]()
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